The flexibility of the Dexcom G7 steady glucose monitor to perform with Android-based smartphones and units represents a key consideration for people managing diabetes. Compatibility permits customers to view glucose readings, tendencies, and alerts straight on their Android units, facilitating handy and discreet monitoring of blood sugar ranges.
Widespread compatibility is important as a result of Android holds a considerable share of the smartphone market globally. This broadens entry to the Dexcom G7’s advantages, together with improved glycemic management, lowered danger of hypoglycemic occasions, and enhanced high quality of life for people with diabetes. The historic context reveals a gradual enlargement of compatibility as know-how evolves and partnerships between medical machine producers and platform builders strengthen.
The next sections will present an in depth overview of the particular Android units and working system variations supported by the Dexcom G7, troubleshooting ideas for connectivity points, and various choices for customers whose units will not be at present suitable. The article will even deal with the implications of compatibility for information sharing and distant monitoring with caregivers and healthcare suppliers.
1. Supported Android variations
The compatibility of the Dexcom G7 steady glucose monitor with Android units hinges considerably on the supported Android working system variations. This compatibility determines the vary of Android customers who can straight profit from the G7’s options, impacting entry and value.
-
Minimal Android Model Requirement
The Dexcom G7 requires a minimal Android OS model for its app to perform accurately. Sometimes, this implies supporting variations which are comparatively present however not essentially the very newest launch. As an illustration, the app would possibly require Android 8.0 (Oreo) or later. This minimal threshold is essential as a result of older Android variations might lack vital Bluetooth protocols or safety updates required for dependable G7 information transmission. People utilizing units with older, unsupported Android variations should improve their units to make use of the G7 system.
-
Influence of OS Updates
Android OS updates typically introduce new options, safety patches, and optimizations that may have an effect on the Dexcom G7 app’s efficiency. Whereas Dexcom endeavors to take care of compatibility with newer Android variations, unexpected points can come up after an OS replace. Customers might expertise momentary disruptions in information synchronization, Bluetooth connectivity, or alert notifications till Dexcom releases an up to date app model that addresses compatibility points with the most recent Android launch. This necessitates common monitoring of Dexcom’s bulletins concerning OS replace compatibility.
-
Fragmentation of Android Ecosystem
The Android ecosystem is characterised by fragmentation, that means quite a few machine producers and customised Android variations exist. This fragmentation poses a problem for making certain constant Dexcom G7 compatibility throughout all Android units. Whereas Dexcom exams and validates compatibility with a variety of units, variations in {hardware}, firmware, and manufacturer-specific Android customizations can nonetheless result in compatibility points on sure fashions. Customers ought to seek the advice of Dexcom’s official compatibility checklist for verified units.
-
Safety Implications
Supporting present Android variations is essential for sustaining the safety of glucose information. Older, unsupported Android variations typically lack essential safety patches, making them extra susceptible to malware and different safety threats. Utilizing the Dexcom G7 app on an outdated Android machine will increase the danger of unauthorized entry to delicate well being info. Subsequently, common Android OS updates will not be solely necessary for app performance but additionally for safeguarding consumer information privateness and safety.
The interaction between supported Android variations and the Dexcom G7’s performance is a posh and evolving panorama. A transparent understanding of the minimal model necessities, the influence of OS updates, and the inherent fragmentation of the Android ecosystem is crucial for customers to optimize their expertise and guarantee dependable glucose monitoring. Customers ought to test Dexcom’s official documentation to make sure their Android is supported earlier than utilizing it with Dexcom G7.
2. Particular machine fashions
The operational effectiveness of the Dexcom G7 system is intrinsically linked to compatibility with particular Android machine fashions. The “is dexcom g7 suitable with android” idea just isn’t a common attribute throughout all Android units. As an alternative, it’s decided by the technical specs and software program implementations current in particular person cellphone fashions. Sure Android telephones might possess Bluetooth chipsets, processing capabilities, or energy administration settings that guarantee seamless information transmission and app performance, whereas others would possibly exhibit inconsistencies or full incompatibility. As an illustration, a more moderen Samsung Galaxy mannequin could also be totally supported, whereas an older or budget-oriented machine from one other producer might lack the mandatory {hardware} or firmware parts for dependable operation.
Machine mannequin compatibility straight influences the consumer expertise. A cellphone that’s formally listed as suitable sometimes undergoes rigorous testing to verify secure Bluetooth connections, correct information synchronization, and constant alert supply. Conversely, utilizing the Dexcom G7 with an unsupported machine might result in unpredictable points, akin to dropped Bluetooth connections, delayed or missed glucose alerts, and inaccurate readings. This may undermine the consumer’s confidence within the system and doubtlessly result in compromised diabetes administration. Sensible significance lies in emphasizing the need of consulting the official Dexcom compatibility checklist earlier than initiating use of the G7 with any Android machine.
Finally, machine mannequin compatibility represents an important consider reaching the meant advantages of steady glucose monitoring. The shortage of compatibility with sure machine fashions introduces challenges for making certain equitable entry to this know-how. Customers ought to due to this fact prioritize verifying their particular machine mannequin’s compatibility standing and think about upgrading to a supported machine if essential to keep away from potential points. The data contributes to safer diabetes administration and optimizes the dependable operation of the Dexcom G7 system.
3. Bluetooth connectivity protocols
The profitable interplay between the Dexcom G7 and Android units is essentially reliant on strong Bluetooth connectivity protocols. These protocols govern the institution, upkeep, and safety of the wi-fi connection required for steady glucose information transmission. The next outlines key sides defining the interaction between these protocols and general compatibility.
-
Bluetooth Model Help
The particular Bluetooth model supported by each the Dexcom G7 and the Android machine is essential. The G7 sometimes makes use of Bluetooth Low Power (BLE) know-how, typically requiring Bluetooth 4.0 or later for optimum efficiency. Older Android units missing BLE help can’t straight talk with the G7 sensor. Consequently, compatibility hinges on the presence of the mandatory Bluetooth model on the Android machine, impacting information switch charges, energy effectivity, and general connectivity stability.
-
GATT Profile Implementation
The Generic Attribute Profile (GATT) defines the construction of knowledge exchanged over BLE. The Dexcom G7 and the Android app should adhere to a particular GATT profile, outlining the traits and companies used to transmit glucose readings, sensor standing, and different related info. Inconsistencies or deviations in GATT profile implementation can result in communication failures, information corruption, or inaccurate readings. Profitable compatibility requires exact adherence to the outlined GATT profile by each the G7 and the Android machine’s Bluetooth stack.
-
Connection Stability and Vary
Bluetooth connectivity protocols affect the steadiness and vary of the connection between the G7 and the Android machine. Elements akin to sign power, interference from different wi-fi units, and the presence of bodily obstructions can influence the reliability of knowledge transmission. Superior Bluetooth protocols incorporate options akin to adaptive frequency hopping and error correction to mitigate these points and preserve a secure connection, even in difficult environments. Android units with optimized Bluetooth implementations usually exhibit higher connection stability and vary, enhancing the general consumer expertise.
-
Safety Issues
Safety protocols inside Bluetooth connectivity are paramount for safeguarding delicate glucose information transmitted between the G7 and the Android machine. Bluetooth safety features akin to encryption and authentication mechanisms safeguard in opposition to unauthorized entry and information interception. Common safety updates and adherence to {industry} greatest practices are important for sustaining the confidentiality and integrity of glucose info. Android units with up-to-date Bluetooth safety protocols present a safer atmosphere for utilizing the Dexcom G7.
The sides of Bluetooth connectivity protocols collectively decide the seamless integration of the Dexcom G7 with Android units. Deficiencies in any of those points can compromise the reliability and safety of the system. Android customers in search of optimum efficiency ought to prioritize units with strong Bluetooth implementations and preserve up-to-date software program to make sure compatibility and safety.
4. Knowledge synchronization frequency
Knowledge synchronization frequency represents a essential determinant of the sensible worth derived from the Dexcom G7 system. The diploma to which glucose readings are repeatedly and reliably transmitted from the G7 sensor to the paired Android machine straight influences the consumer’s capability to watch and handle their glucose ranges successfully. When information synchronization is rare or inconsistent, the consumer might expertise gaps of their glucose pattern information, doubtlessly lacking essential excessive or low glucose occasions. For instance, if the synchronization interval is about to half-hour or extra, a fast drop in glucose ranges occurring inside that interval would possibly go unnoticed, resulting in potential hypoglycemic incidents. The “is dexcom g7 suitable with android” idea is due to this fact intricately linked to the capability of the system to take care of a constant and well timed movement of glucose information.
The influence of knowledge synchronization frequency extends past fast glucose monitoring. Many people make the most of historic glucose information to establish patterns, regulate insulin dosages, and make knowledgeable dietary selections. Rare or unreliable synchronization can compromise the accuracy of those analyses, resulting in suboptimal diabetes administration methods. For instance, a person utilizing an Android app to trace their glucose ranges over a number of weeks depends on full and correct information to establish recurring patterns, akin to post-meal glucose spikes. Gaps within the information attributable to synchronization points can distort the evaluation and forestall the person from making efficient life-style changes. Moreover, information synchronization frequency influences the power of caregivers and healthcare suppliers to remotely monitor a person’s glucose ranges. Delays in information transmission can impede well timed interventions in circumstances of extreme hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
Subsequently, an optimized information synchronization frequency, coupled with a strong and dependable connection between the G7 sensor and the Android machine, is crucial for realizing the total advantages of the Dexcom G7 system. This contains enabling well timed alerts, correct pattern evaluation, and efficient distant monitoring. Challenges come up from the inherent variability in Bluetooth connectivity, machine energy administration, and software program implementations throughout totally different Android units. Sustaining a steadiness between information synchronization frequency and battery consumption can also be a key consideration. The best synchronization frequency is brief durations of time, thus it’s important that the Android machine maintains a secure reference to the G7 sensor, in any other case it is not going to perform effectively. Finally, a high-frequency information synchronization price enhances the utility and security of the Dexcom G7, offered that it’s supported by a secure and dependable Bluetooth connection between the G7 sensor and the Android machine.
5. Alert notification reliability
The consistency and timeliness of alert notifications are paramount to the efficient use of the Dexcom G7 system. A compromised capability to ship alerts reliably straight impacts the power to handle glucose ranges and mitigate potential hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic occasions. The extent to which the “is dexcom g7 suitable with android” idea interprets into tangible well being advantages is contingent upon the dependability of alert notifications on the Android platform.
-
Working System Prioritization
Android’s working system employs power-saving options that may inadvertently throttle or delay app notifications, together with these from the Dexcom G7. These options, designed to increase battery life, might place the Dexcom G7 app in a low-priority state, lowering the promptness of alert supply. A consumer experiencing a fast glucose decline might not obtain a well timed low glucose alert if the Android system is prioritizing different background processes, resulting in a delayed response. Making certain correct configuration of Android’s battery optimization settings to exempt the Dexcom G7 app is essential for sustaining alert notification reliability.
-
Bluetooth Connection Stability
Alert notifications are straight depending on a secure and uninterrupted Bluetooth connection between the Dexcom G7 sensor and the Android machine. If the Bluetooth connection is liable to drops or interruptions, alerts could also be missed totally. As an illustration, if the Android machine is moved out of vary of the G7 sensor or if there’s interference from different wi-fi units, alerts will not be delivered. Frequent disconnections necessitate guide reconnection and may end up in a essential delay in receiving well timed glucose alerts. Compatibility assessments should think about the Bluetooth efficiency traits of particular Android machine fashions to make sure dependable alert supply.
-
App Permissions and Background Processing
The Dexcom G7 app requires particular permissions to perform accurately, together with the power to run within the background and entry notification companies. If these permissions are revoked or restricted, the app could also be unable to ship alerts reliably. For instance, if the consumer inadvertently disables background information utilization for the Dexcom G7 app, the app shall be unable to obtain glucose readings and ship alerts when the display is off or when different apps are in use. Common verification and upkeep of the app’s permissions are vital to make sure reliable alert supply.
-
Notification Channel Configuration
Trendy variations of Android make the most of notification channels, permitting customers to customise the conduct of notifications from particular person apps. Incorrect configuration of notification channels can result in missed or silenced alerts from the Dexcom G7. If the notification channel for low glucose alerts is about to a low precedence or if the sound is muted, the consumer will not be successfully notified of a doubtlessly harmful scenario. Understanding and correctly configuring Android’s notification channel settings are important for making certain that essential alerts are acquired promptly and audibly.
The previous sides spotlight the complicated interaction between Android system configurations, Bluetooth connectivity, app permissions, and notification settings in figuring out alert notification reliability inside the Dexcom G7 ecosystem. Profitable compatibility extends past fundamental app performance and encompasses the power to ship well timed and reliable alerts, enabling efficient glucose administration and mitigating the dangers related to glycemic excursions.
6. App characteristic availability
The extent to which the total spectrum of Dexcom G7 app options is accessible on Android units straight displays the diploma of system compatibility. Variability in characteristic availability throughout totally different Android units and working system variations can compromise the consumer expertise and restrict the potential advantages of steady glucose monitoring. The “is dexcom g7 suitable with android” dedication is thus not merely a binary state however a measure of practical parity throughout platforms.
-
Customizable Alert Settings
The flexibility to tailor alert thresholds, sounds, and frequencies is a central characteristic of the Dexcom G7 app. Customers depend on these settings to obtain well timed notifications of impending excessive or low glucose occasions. On sure Android units, limitations within the app’s integration with the working system’s notification framework might prohibit the vary of customization choices. For instance, particular Android fashions would possibly lack the aptitude to make use of customized alert tones or to set recurring alerts at particular intervals. Such limitations scale back the consumer’s capability to personalize their monitoring expertise and will diminish the effectiveness of alert-based glucose administration.
-
Knowledge Sharing and Distant Monitoring
The Dexcom G7 app permits customers to share their glucose information with caregivers, relations, and healthcare suppliers by means of distant monitoring options. Nevertheless, inconsistencies in information sharing performance can come up because of variations in Android’s background processing capabilities and information synchronization protocols. Some Android units might expertise delays in information transmission or intermittent connectivity points, resulting in incomplete or outdated info being shared with distant viewers. These inconsistencies can hinder well timed interventions and compromise the efficacy of distant monitoring for people requiring shut supervision.
-
Integration with Third-Social gathering Apps and Units
The Dexcom G7 app affords the potential to combine with different well being and health monitoring apps, insulin pumps, and smartwatches, making a complete diabetes administration ecosystem. Nevertheless, the extent of this integration might range throughout Android units. Sure Android fashions might lack the mandatory APIs or Bluetooth profiles to determine seamless communication with third-party units. For instance, an Android smartwatch might not be capable to show real-time glucose readings from the Dexcom G7 app if the required connectivity protocols will not be totally supported, thereby limiting the consumer’s entry to essential info.
-
Development Graph Show and Evaluation Instruments
The Dexcom G7 app supplies visible representations of glucose tendencies by means of interactive graphs and charts. These instruments allow customers to establish patterns, assess the influence of meals and train, and make knowledgeable selections concerning insulin dosages. Nevertheless, variations in display dimension, decision, and processing energy amongst Android units can have an effect on the readability and responsiveness of those graphical shows. On lower-end Android fashions, the pattern graphs might seem cluttered or might exhibit lag throughout interplay, lowering the consumer’s capability to successfully analyze their glucose information.
These examples illustrate that app characteristic availability is a key consideration when evaluating the “is dexcom g7 suitable with android” query. Whereas fundamental performance could also be current on most units, the diploma to which the total suite of options operates constantly and reliably dictates the true compatibility and usefulness of the Dexcom G7 system on the Android platform.
7. Firmware replace course of
The firmware replace course of considerably influences compatibility between the Dexcom G7 and Android units. Firmware updates, launched by Dexcom, typically embody enhancements to Bluetooth connectivity, information transmission protocols, and general system stability. A failure to take care of up-to-date firmware may end up in diminished performance or full incompatibility with sure Android units. As an illustration, a Dexcom G7 sensor working on outdated firmware would possibly expertise difficulties establishing a secure reference to a more moderen Android smartphone using a more moderen Bluetooth customary. This disconnection inhibits real-time glucose monitoring and alert supply, undermining the core function of the continual glucose monitoring system.
The replace course of sometimes entails downloading firmware to the Dexcom G7 receiver or, in some circumstances, straight by means of the Android software. Seamless execution of this course of is essential. Interruptions throughout firmware set up, stemming from elements akin to unstable web connections or inadequate machine storage, can result in corrupted firmware and necessitate machine substitute. Dexcom may additionally launch firmware updates to deal with safety vulnerabilities. Failing to put in these updates exposes customers to potential dangers related to unauthorized information entry or manipulation. Making certain that the Android machine meets the minimal system necessities for the Dexcom G7 app and sustaining a secure web connection through the replace are conditions for a profitable firmware replace, highlighting the Android factor within the ecosystem.
Subsequently, the firmware replace course of constitutes an integral part of sustaining ongoing compatibility. It addresses efficiency points, integrates new options, and mitigates safety threats. A proactive strategy to firmware updates, facilitated by means of a strong and user-friendly Android software, is crucial for maximizing the Dexcom G7’s effectiveness and making certain dependable glucose monitoring on the Android platform. Person consciousness campaigns by Dexcom are essential to underscore the significance of well timed firmware updates and to offer clear directions on full the replace course of efficiently.
8. Knowledge safety requirements
The upkeep of stringent information safety requirements is paramount to making sure the integrity and confidentiality of glucose information transmitted between the Dexcom G7 sensor and paired Android units. Knowledge safety turns into an implicit factor in assessing the general compatibility. Compromises in safety not solely jeopardize delicate affected person info but additionally erode consumer belief within the system’s reliability and security.
-
Encryption Protocols
Using strong encryption protocols is crucial for safeguarding glucose information throughout transmission and storage. Knowledge transmitted over Bluetooth between the Dexcom G7 sensor and the Android machine is susceptible to interception if not correctly encrypted. Trendy encryption requirements, akin to Superior Encryption Customary (AES) 256-bit encryption, are employed to render intercepted information unreadable to unauthorized events. If an Android machine fails to help or correctly implement these encryption protocols, the safety of the information is compromised, no matter whether or not the machine is technically “suitable” by way of fundamental performance.
-
Authentication Mechanisms
Safe authentication mechanisms are essential for verifying the id of customers accessing glucose information by means of the Dexcom G7 app on Android units. Multi-factor authentication (MFA), which requires customers to offer a number of types of verification (e.g., password and biometric scan), provides an additional layer of safety in opposition to unauthorized entry. Android units with weak or outdated authentication protocols are extra vulnerable to safety breaches, even when the Dexcom G7 app itself incorporates robust safety measures. Subsequently, the Android machine’s authentication capabilities are an integral consideration within the general safety posture of the system.
-
Knowledge Storage Safety
Making certain the safe storage of glucose information on Android units is essential for safeguarding affected person privateness. Knowledge needs to be saved in encrypted kind and entry needs to be restricted to approved customers solely. Android units with insufficient storage safety measures are susceptible to information breaches if the machine is misplaced or stolen. Implementing safe information storage practices, akin to using the Android Keystore system for encrypting delicate info, is crucial for sustaining compliance with privateness laws and safeguarding affected person information.
-
Compliance with Laws
Adherence to information privateness laws, such because the Well being Insurance coverage Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the US and the Basic Knowledge Safety Regulation (GDPR) in Europe, is a authorized and moral obligation. The Dexcom G7 system, along with Android units, should adjust to these laws to guard affected person information from unauthorized disclosure. This entails implementing applicable safety measures, offering customers with management over their information, and acquiring knowledgeable consent for information sharing. Failure to adjust to these laws may end up in vital authorized and monetary penalties.
These interconnected sides show that “is dexcom g7 suitable with android” entails greater than mere technical performance. It encompasses a holistic evaluation of the safety measures carried out all through the whole system, from information transmission to storage and entry management. Neglecting any of those points compromises the general safety and doubtlessly exposes delicate affected person information to unauthorized entry, undermining the perceived compatibility between the Dexcom G7 and Android units.
Often Requested Questions Relating to Dexcom G7 Compatibility with Android
This part addresses frequent inquiries regarding the Dexcom G7’s performance with Android units, aiming to make clear technical points and supply factual info to help customers in making knowledgeable selections.
Query 1: Does the Dexcom G7 perform with all Android smartphones?
The Dexcom G7 doesn’t perform universally throughout all Android smartphones. Compatibility is contingent upon particular machine fashions and working system variations. A compatibility checker is offered on the Dexcom web site.
Query 2: What minimal Android working system model is required for the Dexcom G7 app?
The minimal Android working system model requirement might range. Dexcom supplies a repeatedly up to date checklist of supported working methods on its official web site and inside the app documentation.
Query 3: How does the information synchronization frequency between the Dexcom G7 and an Android machine have an effect on glucose monitoring?
The information synchronization frequency influences the timeliness and completeness of glucose information out there on the Android machine. Rare synchronization might end in delayed or missed glucose readings, doubtlessly compromising the accuracy of pattern evaluation and well timed alert notifications.
Query 4: Are there identified Bluetooth connectivity points between the Dexcom G7 and sure Android units?
Bluetooth connectivity points can come up because of variations in Bluetooth chipsets, firmware implementations, and energy administration settings on totally different Android units. These points might manifest as dropped connections, delayed information transmission, or unreliable alert notifications.
Query 5: What safety measures are carried out to guard glucose information transmitted between the Dexcom G7 and Android units?
Glucose information transmitted between the Dexcom G7 and Android units is encrypted utilizing industry-standard encryption protocols to guard in opposition to unauthorized entry. The Dexcom app additionally employs authentication mechanisms to confirm consumer id and forestall unauthorized information entry.
Query 6: What steps needs to be taken if the Dexcom G7 just isn’t suitable with a consumer’s Android machine?
If the Dexcom G7 just isn’t suitable with a consumer’s Android machine, the consumer might think about upgrading to a suitable Android machine, using a devoted Dexcom receiver, or exploring various steady glucose monitoring methods that supply broader Android compatibility.
Understanding the nuances of the “is dexcom g7 suitable with android” idea entails contemplating particular machine fashions, working system variations, Bluetooth connectivity, and information safety protocols.
The following part will present troubleshooting steerage for frequent compatibility-related points.
Making certain Dexcom G7 Performance with Android
The next are actionable suggestions for optimizing the efficiency of the Dexcom G7 steady glucose monitoring system when used with Android units. Addressing frequent compatibility points enhances reliability and information safety.
Tip 1: Confirm Machine Compatibility. Seek the advice of the official Dexcom compatibility checklist earlier than initiating use. Machine mannequin and working system model straight influence efficiency.
Tip 2: Keep an Up to date Working System. Often replace the Android working system to make sure that the machine incorporates the most recent Bluetooth protocols and safety patches. Outdated working methods might exhibit connectivity points.
Tip 3: Optimize Bluetooth Settings. Affirm that Bluetooth is enabled and that the Dexcom G7 app has the mandatory permissions to entry Bluetooth companies. Background restrictions on Bluetooth connectivity can impair information transmission.
Tip 4: Disable Battery Optimization. Disable battery optimization settings for the Dexcom G7 app. Android’s power-saving options can throttle background processes and delay alert notifications.
Tip 5: Grant Essential App Permissions. Confirm that the Dexcom G7 app has been granted all required permissions, together with background information entry and notification entry. Restricted permissions impede the app’s capability to perform accurately.
Tip 6: Handle Wi-fi Interference. Reduce interference from different wi-fi units working on the two.4 GHz frequency band. Competing Bluetooth units and Wi-Fi routers can disrupt the connection between the Dexcom G7 sensor and the Android machine.
Tip 7: Keep Proximity. Maintain the Android machine in shut proximity to the Dexcom G7 sensor to make sure a secure Bluetooth connection. Extreme distance can weaken the sign and result in dropped connections.
Tip 8: Assessment App Settings. Periodically overview the Dexcom G7 app settings to verify that alert thresholds, information sharing preferences, and different configuration choices are appropriately configured.
Implementing these measures enhances the reliability and performance of the Dexcom G7 system with Android units. Sustaining a secure connection, minimizing interference, and optimizing app settings contribute to efficient glucose monitoring.
The next part presents concluding remarks summarizing the important thing insights and emphasizing the importance of Android compatibility for diabetes administration.
Conclusion
The evaluation of “is dexcom g7 suitable with android” reveals complexities extending past fundamental performance. Compatibility encompasses elements akin to Android OS model, machine mannequin, Bluetooth protocols, information synchronization, alert reliability, app characteristic availability, firmware updates, and information safety. Deficiencies in any of those areas can compromise system effectiveness.
Sustained consideration to those technical issues is crucial to maximise the advantages of steady glucose monitoring. Customers ought to stay vigilant in verifying machine compatibility, sustaining up-to-date software program, and implementing beneficial settings to optimize system efficiency and guarantee information safety. This dedication will finally enhance the administration of diabetes.
